To remove and replace a toilet, start by shutting off the water supply and draining the tank, then unbolt the toilet from the floor flange and lift it away. This comprehensive guide from MyTownPlumber covers every step of how to remove and replace a toilet safely and correctly, including tools, common pitfalls, and when to call a professional for toilet repair.
Why You Might Need to Replace a Toilet
Toilets are one of the most-used fixtures in any home. Over time, cracks in the porcelain, worn-out internal parts, or persistent clogs may make replacement the best option. According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's WaterSense program (EPA WaterSense), older toilets can use up to 6 gallons per flush, while modern WaterSense-labeled models use 1.28 gallons or less — a significant water savings. Other common reasons include:
- Frequent running or leaking (wasting water and raising bills)
- Visible cracks or chips in the bowl or tank
- A loose or unstable toilet that rocks on the floor
- Repeated clogs due to outdated low-flow design (pre-1994)
- Remodeling your bathroom to update fixtures
Tools and Materials You Will Need
| Tool/Material | Purpose |
|---|---|
| Adjustable wrench and/or basin wrench | Disconnect water supply line |
| Screwdriver (flathead and Phillips) | Remove closet bolts and tank bolts |
| Putty knife or floor scraper | Scrape old wax ring and caulk |
| New wax ring (or rubber gasket alternative) | Create a watertight seal between toilet and flange |
| New closet bolts and nuts | Secure toilet to floor flange |
| Bucket and towels | Catch residual water in tank and bowl |
| Shut-off valve (if replacing old one) | Recommended for safety |
Also helpful: a toilet dolly or old towel to move the old toilet, a level to ensure the new one sits flat, and silicone caulk for the base (optional).
Step-by-Step Instructions: How to Remove and Replace a Toilet
Step 1: Turn Off Water and Drain the Toilet
Locate the shut-off valve behind the toilet (usually a small oval or lever handle) and turn it clockwise to stop the water flow. Flush the toilet to empty the tank. Then, use a sponge or small cup to remove remaining water from the tank and bowl. Disconnect the water supply line from the tank using an adjustable wrench — have a towel ready to catch drips.
Step 2: Remove the Old Toilet
Lift the plastic caps covering the closet bolts at the base of the toilet. Use a screwdriver and wrench to unscrew and remove the nuts. If the toilet is caulked to the floor, cut the caulk with a putty knife. Carefully rock the toilet from side to side to break the seal of the wax ring, then lift it straight up. Some older bolts may be corroded; if so, use penetrating oil or a hacksaw to cut them. Place the old toilet on a towel or tarp to avoid breaking it.
Step 3: Prepare the Floor Flange
Scrape away all remnants of the old wax ring and caulk from the floor flange and the surrounding area. Inspect the flange (the metal or plastic ring attached to the floor) for cracks or damage. The International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials (IAPMO) recommends replacing a damaged flange to ensure a proper seal (IAPMO). Install new closet bolts into the slots on either side of the flange.
Step 4: Install the New Wax Ring
Place the new wax ring (or a wax-free alternative) onto the flange, centering it over the opening. For extra protection against sewer gas leaks, choose a wax ring with a rubber sleeve. Press the ring firmly into place.
Step 5: Set the New Toilet
Carefully lift the new toilet (using a helper if needed) and position it so that the horn on the bottom of the bowl fits into the center of the wax ring. Align the mounting holes with the closet bolts. Gently press the toilet straight down — do not rock it, or you may break the wax seal. Once seated, tighten the nuts onto the closet bolts evenly, alternating sides, until snug. Over-tightening can crack the porcelain.
Step 6: Reconnect the Water and Test
Reattach the water supply line to the tank and tighten hand-tight plus a quarter turn with a wrench. Turn the shut-off valve counterclockwise to open. Check for leaks at the supply line connection and around the base. If your new toilet has a fill valve, adjust it according to the manufacturer's instructions to prevent overflow. For additional plumbing tips, see our guide on pipe repair.
Common Mistakes and How to Avoid Them
- Not replacing the wax ring: Always use a new wax ring — reusing an old one will leak.
- Overtightening bolts: This can crack the toilet base or the flange.
- Forgetting to check the flange height: The flange should be at or slightly above the finished floor level. If recessed, use a flange extender.
- Skipping the water supply line inspection: Old flexible hoses may fail — replace them every 5-10 years.
When to Call a Professional Plumber
While this guide covers the basics of how to remove and replace a toilet, some situations require professional expertise. If you encounter a cracked flange, corroded waste pipe, or a toilet that doesn't sit level despite shimming, it's time to call MyTownPlumber. We also recommend professional assistance for any sewer line repair issues or if you're upgrading to a toilet with different rough-in dimensions. Additionally, our team can handle drain cleaning and leak detection to ensure your bathroom's plumbing is in top shape.
FAQs
How much does a toilet replacement cost?
Typical costs in the U.S. range from $200 to $500 for a basic replacement including the toilet, though prices vary by region and toilet model. Labor adds $100–$300 if you hire a plumber.
Can I use a wax ring with a plastic flange?
Yes, but ensure the flange is in good condition. A wax ring with a rubber gasket often works better with plastic flanges.
How long does it take to replace a toilet?
For a DIY homeowner, plan on 1–2 hours if you have the right tools. Professionals can finish in under an hour.
What should I do if the closet bolts are rusted?
Apply penetrating oil and wait 15 minutes. If they still won't turn, use a hacksaw to cut them flush with the floor.
Do I need to caulk around the base of a new toilet?
Caulking is optional but recommended to prevent wobbling and to keep water from seeping underneath. Leave a small gap at the back for leak detection.
Is it safe to use a toilet that rocks?
No — a rocking toilet can break the wax seal, causing leaks and sewer gas odors. Always shim and bolt it securely.
Final Thoughts and a Special Offer
Replacing a toilet is a manageable DIY project for many homeowners, but a mistake can lead to water damage, higher water bills, or even a flooded bathroom. If you're not comfortable with the process, MyTownPlumber is here to help. Our licensed plumbers handle everything from toilet repair to full bathroom remodels. For a limited time, we're offering a special discount on your first service call — claim your offer at MyTownPlumber Plumbing Offer.