Replacing a toilet is a straightforward DIY project that most homeowners can complete in a few hours. In this guide, we’ll walk you through every step, from turning off the water to installing the new toilet and testing for leaks. Whether you’re upgrading to a water-efficient model or fixing a wobbly base, this how-to-replace-a-toilet guide covers it all.
Why Replace Your Toilet?
There are several reasons you might need a new toilet: cracks, constant clogs, outdated design, or high water usage. Older toilets can use 3.5 to 7 gallons per flush, while modern WaterSense-labeled models use 1.28 gallons or less. According to the EPA WaterSense program, switching to a WaterSense toilet can save a family of four nearly 13,000 gallons of water per year. That’s a significant reduction in your water bill and environmental footprint.
Tools and Materials You’ll Need
Before you start, gather the following tools and materials. Most are available at your local hardware store.
- Adjustable wrench
- Plumber’s putty
- Wax ring (or wax-free toilet seal)
- New toilet (including tank and bowl)
- Bolts and caps (usually included with the toilet)
- Bucket and old towels
- Screwdriver
- Putty knife
- Level
Step-by-Step Instructions: How to Replace a Toilet
Step 1: Turn Off the Water Supply
Locate the shut-off valve behind the toilet, usually near the wall. Turn it clockwise until it stops. Flush the toilet to drain the tank and bowl. Use a sponge or towel to remove remaining water from the tank and bowl.
Step 2: Disconnect the Water Supply Line
Using an adjustable wrench, disconnect the water supply line from the bottom of the tank. Have a bucket ready to catch any drips. Set the supply line aside.
Step 3: Remove the Old Toilet
Remove the caps covering the bolts at the base of the toilet. Use a wrench to unscrew the nuts. Carefully rock the toilet from side to side to break the seal, then lift it straight up. Place it on old towels or cardboard. Remove the old wax ring from the flange, and stuff a rag into the drain to prevent sewer gases from escaping.
Step 4: Inspect and Prepare the Flange
Check the toilet flange (the plastic or metal ring on the floor) for damage. If it’s cracked or corroded, replace it before installing the new toilet. Clean the flange area thoroughly. If the flange is too low or too high, use a flange extender or spacer kit to bring it to the correct height.
Step 5: Install the New Wax Ring
Remove the new toilet from its packaging. Turn the bowl upside down on a soft surface. Place the wax ring onto the toilet’s outlet horn, pressing it firmly. Ensure it’s centered and secure.
Step 6: Position the New Toilet
Remove the rag from the drain. Carefully lower the toilet bowl over the flange, aligning the bolts with the holes in the base. Press down firmly to compress the wax ring. Do not rock the toilet once it’s set, as this can break the seal.
Step 7: Secure the Toilet
Place washers and nuts over the bolts, then tighten them alternately with a wrench. Be careful not to overtighten, as this can crack the porcelain. Trim the excess bolt length with a hacksaw if needed, then snap on the bolt caps.
Step 8: Install the Tank and Connect Water
If your toilet comes with a separate tank, place it over the bowl’s mounting bolts. Install the rubber washers and nuts, tightening evenly. Reconnect the water supply line to the tank’s fill valve. Turn on the shut-off valve slowly and check for leaks.
Step 9: Test the Flush
Flush the toilet several times. Check for leaks around the base and the tank connections. If you notice any, tighten the bolts or re-seat the wax ring. Also, check the water level in the tank and adjust the fill valve if necessary.
Cost of Replacing a Toilet
The cost to replace a toilet varies widely depending on the model and labor. On average, a basic toilet costs between $100 and $300, while a high-efficiency or smart toilet can cost $500 or more. If you hire a professional plumber, labor typically adds $200 to $400. These are typical US ranges, and prices vary by region.
Toilet Replacement vs. Repair: Which Is Right for You?
Sometimes a toilet only needs a minor repair, such as a new flapper or fill valve. If your toilet is relatively new and the issue is small, toilet repair might be more cost-effective. However, if your toilet is old, cracked, or inefficient, replacement is often the better long-term investment.
DIY vs. Hiring a Professional
Replacing a toilet is a DIY-friendly project, but it requires some physical strength and basic plumbing knowledge. If you’re not comfortable lifting a heavy porcelain bowl or working with plumbing, it’s best to hire a professional. A plumber can also handle unexpected issues like a damaged flange or corroded pipes.
Water Efficiency and Environmental Impact
Upgrading to a WaterSense-labeled toilet can significantly reduce your water usage. The EPA WaterSense program certifies toilets that meet strict efficiency and performance criteria. By choosing a WaterSense toilet, you’re helping conserve water and reduce the strain on your local sewer system. For more tips on water conservation, check out Energy.gov’s water heating page.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
- Not turning off the water supply completely before starting.
- Using a wax ring that’s too thin or too thick for your flange height.
- Rocking the toilet during installation, which can break the wax seal.
- Overtightening the base nuts, causing cracks.
- Forgetting to check for leaks after installation.
Table: Toilet Replacement Checklist
| Step | Action | Key Points |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Turn off water | Use shut-off valve behind toilet |
| 2 | Disconnect supply line | Use wrench, have bucket ready |
| 3 | Remove old toilet | Break seal carefully, lift straight up |
| 4 | Inspect flange | Replace if damaged |
| 5 | Install wax ring | Center on outlet horn |
| 6 | Position new toilet | Align bolts, press down |
| 7 | Secure bolts | Tighten evenly, avoid overtightening |
| 8 | Install tank | Connect water supply |
| 9 | Test flush | Check for leaks |
Frequently Asked Questions
How long does it take to replace a toilet?
For a DIYer, it typically takes 2 to 4 hours, including removal and installation. A professional can do it in about 1 to 2 hours.
Can I replace a toilet myself?
Yes, most homeowners with basic tools and some physical strength can replace a toilet. However, if you encounter complications like a damaged flange or corroded pipes, you may need professional help.
What is the average cost to replace a toilet in the US?
The toilet itself can cost anywhere from $100 to $500 or more, depending on the model. Labor costs, if you hire a plumber, typically range from $200 to $400. Prices vary by region.
How do I choose a water-efficient toilet?
Look for the WaterSense label, which indicates the toilet uses 1.28 gallons per flush or less. The EPA WaterSense website has a list of certified models.
What should I do if my toilet rocks after installation?
If the toilet rocks, the wax ring may not be seated properly, or the flange may be too low. You may need to remove the toilet, check the flange height, and re-install with a new wax ring.
When should I call a professional plumber?
Call a plumber if you notice cracks in the toilet, a damaged flange, or if you’re not comfortable lifting heavy objects. A plumber can also handle more complex issues like sewer line problems.
Final Thoughts
Replacing a toilet is a manageable DIY project that can save you money and improve your home’s water efficiency. However, if you run into any issues or simply prefer a professional, MyTownPlumber is here to help. We also offer water heater repair, drain cleaning, leak detection, pipe repair, sump pump, sewer line repair, and water softener services. Contact us today for a free estimate.
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